Atul Singhal obtained his M.Sc degree (Organic chemistry) in 1996 and Ph.D (Organometallic chemistry) in 2007 from the CCS University, Meerut. He has taught and mentored thousands of students in various institutes since 1996. He is proficient at content creation, designing curricula and guiding students for competitive exams. He has been Centre Head and Academic Head in Brilliant Tutorials, FIITJEE and Vidhya Mandir Classes, and is currently Professor, Institute of Science and Technology, Kansas, Missourie, USA. He is the author of several test preparation books in chemistry.

Preface
Acknowledgements

Chapter 1: Matter in Our Surroundings
Introduction
Matter
Solids
Liquids
Gases
Change of State of Matter
Chapter at a Glance
Practice Questions
Competition Window (Objective Type)
Answer Keys
Hints and Solutions

Chapter 2: Is Matter Around Us Pure?
Introduction
Pure Substances
Classification of Pure Substances
Mixtures
Solutions and Their Types
Concentration of Solutions
Physical and Chemical Changes
Separation of Mixtures
Chapter at a Glance
Practice Questions
Competition Window (Objective Type)
Answer Keys
Hints and Solutions

Chapter 3: Atoms and Molecules
Introduction
Laws of Chemical Combination
Avogadro’s Law
Dalton’s Atomic Theory
Atoms
Symbols of Elements
Modern Method or IUPAC System of Symbols
Atomic Mass
Molecules
Ions
Valency
Variable Valency
Radicals
Chemical Formulae
Writing the Formula of a Compound
Molecular Mass and Formula Mass
Mole Concept
Mass Percentage of an Element from the Molecular Formula of a Compound
Empirical Formula
Determination of the Molecular Formula
Chapter at a Glance
Practice Questions
Competition Window (Objective Type)
Answer Keys
Hints and Solutions

Chapter 4: Chemical Reactions and Equations
Introduction
Chemical Reactions
Conditions Needed for a Chemical Change
Characteristics or Tests of Chemical Reactions
Chemical Equations
Energy Change in Chemical Reactions
Types of Chemical Reactions
Combination Reactions
Decomposition Reactions
Displacement Reactions
Double Displacement Reactions
Oxidation and Reduction Reactions
Redox Reactions
Photochemical and Electrochemical Reactions
Practice Questions 3
Competition Window (Objective Type)
Answer Keys
Hints and Solutions

Chapter 5: Atomic Structure
Introduction
Cathode Rays
Anode Rays
Electron (–10e)
Proton (11p)
Neutron (01n)
Structure of Atom and Development of Atomic Model
Thomson’s Atomic Model
Rutherford’s Atomic Model
Quantum Theory
Bohr’s Atomic Model
Composition of Nucleus
Representation of an Element or Atom
Concept of Isotopes, Isobars, Isosteres and Isotones
Electron Distribution in Orbits
Chapter at a Glance
Practice Questions 0
Competition Window (Objective Type)
Answer Keys
Hints and Solutions

Chapter 6: The Periodic Table
Introduction
Mendeleev’s Periodic Law
Mendeleev’s Periodic Table
Modern Periodic Law
Modern Periodic Table
Long Form of Periodic Table
Types of Elements
Trends in Periodic Properties
Ionisation Enthalpy
Electronegativity
Electron Gain Enthalpy or Electron Affinity (EA)
Study of Specific Groups (Group 1, 2, 17, 18)
Chapter at a Glance
Practice Questions
Competition Window (Objective Type)
Answer Keys
Hints and Solutions

Chapter 7: Chemical Bonding
Introduction
Concept of Valency and Valence Electron
Octet Rule
Chemical Bond
Type of Bonds
Electrovalent Bond or Ionic Bond
Formation of Ionic Bonds in NaCl, MgCl2, CaO
Covalent Bond
Coordinate or Dative or Semi-polar Bonds
Chapter at a Glance
Practice Questions
Competition Window (Objective Type)
Answer Keys
Hints and Solutions

Chapter 8: Gaseous State
Introduction
Kinetic Theory of Gases
Characteristics of a Gas
Gas Laws
Boyle’s Law
Charles’ Law
Avogadro’s Law
Combined Gas Laws and Ideal Gas Equation
Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressure
Graham’s Law of Diffusion
Chapter at a Glance
Practice Questions
Competition Window (Objective Type)
Answer Keys
Hints and Solutions

Chapter 9: Water
Introduction
Structure of Water
Physical Properties of Water
Chemical Properties of Water
Solutions and Their Types
Concentration of a Solution
Solubility
Anhydrous and Hydrated Substances
Efflorescence and Deliquescence
Dehydration of Solid, Liquid and Gaseous Substances
Soft and Hard Water
Types of Hardness
Advantages and Disadvantages of Hard Water
Chapter at a Glance
Practice Questions
Competition Window (Objective Type)
Answer Keys
Hints and Solutions

Chapter 10: Hydrogen
Introduction
Discovery
Occurrence
Resemblance of Hydrogen with Alkali Metals (Group 1)
Resemblance with Halogens
Types of Hydrogen
Methods of Preparation of Dihydrogen
Physical Properties
Chemical Properties
Uses of Hydrogen
Chapter at a Glance
Practice Questions
Competition Window (Objective Type)
Answer Keys
Hints and Solutions

Chapter 11: Atmospheric Pollution
Introduction
Environmental Pollution and Pollutants
Types of Pollution
Effects of Air Pollutants
Greenhouse Effect or Global Warming
Depletion of Ozone Layer
Controlling Air Pollution
Chapter at a Glance
Practice Questions
Competition Window (Objective Type)
Answer Keys
Hints and Solutions
Appendices